5G was officially launched in South Korea in mid-2019 with a few smartphones, followed by many countries with additional commercial launches and new devices. Prior to this, and in a very similar pattern to 4G launches, 5G was only accessible through larger form factor devices, including MiFi units and Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) that had very limited mass market appeal. Even the few initial 5G-capable smartphones that kick-started the 5G race were Android and first-generation devices, which needed optimization and many improvements to reach the efficiency and user experience level subscribers have come to expect in modern smartphones.